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Woolsthorpe, also known as Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir, is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately west from Grantham, and adjoins the county border with Leicestershire. The neighbouring village of Belvoir lies on the other side of the border. Grantham Canal is situated to the north-east at its closest point. ==History== According to ''A Dictionary of British Place Names'', the name Woolsthorpe means "an outlying farmstead or hamlet (Old Scandinavian 'thorp') of a man called Wulfstan (Old English person name)".〔Mills, Anthony David (2003); ''A Dictionary of British Place Names'', pp.509, 524, Oxford University Press, revised edition (2011). ISBN 019960908X〕 In the 1086 ''Domesday'' account Woolsthorpe is referred to as "Ulestanestorp",〔("Documents Online: Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire" ), ''Great Domesday Book'', Folios: 353r, 377r; The National Archives. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 in the Kesteven Hundred of Winnibriggs and Threo. It comprised 29 households, 6 villagers, 3 smallholders and 8 freemen, with 4 ploughlands and 3 mills. In 1066 Leofric of Bottesford was Lord of the Manor, this transferred in 1086 to Robert of Tosny, who also became Tenant-in-chief.〔("Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir" ), ''Domesdaymap.co.uk''. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 A possible deserted medieval village lies at the southern edge of the present village just to the east off Woolsthorpe Lane,〔("Woolsthorpe" ), ''National Monuments Record'', English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 on the same site of a previous St James church destroyed in 1643 by Parliamentary forces.〔("St James Church" ), ''National Monuments Record'', English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 Of the destruction ''Kelly's Directory'' wrote in 1885: "the original church of St. James, of which some fragments of the tower remain, was burned down by soldiers of the Parliamentary Army who bivouacked there during the siege of Belvoir Castle".〔''Kelly's Directory of Lincolnshire with the port of Hull'' 1885, p. 716〕〔Cox, J. Charles (1916) ''Lincolnshire'' p. 343, 344; Methuen & Co. Ltd.〕 Further evidence of medieval and earlier occupation are finds of a stone macehead at the centre of the village,〔("Monument no. 323852" ), ''National Monuments Record'', English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 Roman coins and a Middle Bronze Age cinerary urn to the south-west,〔("Monument no. 323837" ), ''National Monuments Record'', English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕〔("Monument no. 323840" ), ''National Monuments Record'', English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 and medieval ridge and furrow earthworks, and a trackway seen through cropmarks, to the north.〔("Monument no. 1068888" ), ''National Monuments Record'', English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕〔("Monument no. 1068650" ), ''National Monuments Record'', English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 Approximately north from Woolsthorpe is the deserted medieval village of Stenwith, defined by moat, ditch, enclosure, hollow way and croft (homestead with land) earthworks.〔("Stenwith" ), ''National Monuments Record'', English Heritage. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 Stenwith is recorded in the ''Domesday'' account as "Stanwald" or "Stanwalt".〔("Documents Online: Stenwith, Lincolnshire" ), ''Great Domesday Book'', Folios: 368r, 377r; The National Archives. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 in the Lincolnshire Hundred of Winnibriggs and Threo. It was part of the manor of Barrowby and comprised 21 households, 2 smallholders and 19 freemen, with 4 ploughlands, of meadow and one mill. In 1066 Godwin of Barrowby was Lord of the Manor, this transferred in 1086 to Robert Malet, who also became Tenant-in-chief.〔("Stenwith" ), ''Domesdaymap.co.uk''. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 In 1885 ''Kelly's'' describes Woolsthorpe as situated on the River Devon, close to the borders of Leicestershire. It was in the wapentake of Winnibriggs and Threo, the petty sessional division of Spittlegate, the union and county court district of South Grantham, and in the Archdeaconry and Diocese of Lincoln. The nearest railway station was noted as away at Sedgebrook, on the Great Northern Railway line. Parts of the "plantations and pleasure grounds of Belvoir Castle... are in this parish"; Belvoir castle was supplied with water from the parish's Holywell spring. There were ironstone quarries worked by the Stanton Iron Company. The parish area of had a rateable value of £2,983. Crops grown were chiefly wheat, barley and oats. Parish population in 1881 was 598.〔 In 1879 the Stanton Iron Company began mining for marlstone (ironstone) rock at Woolsthorpe, on land leased from the Duke of Rutland. Mining was supported by the extension of the Great Northern Railway Woolsthorpe branch line in 1883, on which Stanton's rolling stock took the ironstone to the main Grantham to Nottingham line. Mining ceased after the First World War.〔Wright, Neil R. (1982); ''Lincolnshire Towns and Industry 1700-1914''; pp. 170, 171. History of Lincolnshire Committee for the Society for Lincolnshire History and Archaeology. ISBN 0902668102〕 ''Kellys'' also recorded the Duke of Rutland KG as lord of the manor and chief landowner. Within the village were a boot-and-shoe maker, two shopkeepers-cum-carriers, a shoemakers with post office, a butcher-cum-grocer, two carpenters, two tailors, two shopkeepers, a blacksmith, a baker-cum-beer retailer, two farmers, a butcher-cum-farmer, and a homoeopathist. There were two public houses, the Rutland Arms and the Chequers, and a ladies boarding and day school. Living in the village was a gamekeeper and a farm bailiff, both in the employ of the Duke of Rutland, and a surgeon medical officer who was public vaccinator for the Denton district and Grantham Union. Five carriers from the village delivered to Grantham's Blue Man, Blue Ram, and Blue Bull public houses.〔 The village was designated a conservation area by South Kesteven Council in 1997.〔("Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir" ); Lincshar.org. Retrieved 19 July 2012〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Woolsthorpe-by-Belvoir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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